Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Mendukung Penurunan Berat Badan pada Penderita Obesitas: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Pendahuluan : Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang terus meningkat dan berhubungan dengan risiko penyakit tidak menular, seperti diabetes melitus tipe 2, hipertensi, dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Artificial Intelligence (AI) menjadi salah satu pendekatan teknologi yang berpotensi mendukung manajemen obesitas melalui pemantauan kesehatan, prediksi keberhasilan intervensi, personalisasi rekomendasi, serta dukungan pengambilan keputusan klinis. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam mendukung penurunan berat badan pada penderita obesitas berdasarkan telaah artikel ilmiah. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review melalui database PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Artikel yang dianalisis merupakan publikasi tahun 2015–2025, berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris, berupa original article atau research article, serta sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil : Dari 3.683 artikel yang ditemukan, 23 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa AI berkontribusi terhadap penurunan berat badan melalui mekanisme pendukung, seperti peningkatan self-monitoring, kepatuhan, keterlibatan pengguna, personalisasi intervensi, dan dukungan keputusan klinis. Peran AI meliputi observer/monitoring tool, predictor/decision-support, advisor/coach, adaptive optimizer, dan content generator/automation tool. Kesimpulan : AI berperan sebagai teknologi pendukung dalam penurunan berat badan pada penderita obesitas, bukan sebagai penyebab biologis langsung. Penggunaan AI berpotensi membantu manajemen obesitas menjadi lebih personal, terarah, dan adaptif, meskipun masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan desain yang lebih kuat dan validasi pada populasi yang lebih luas.

========================================================================================

Introduction : Obesity is a growing global health problem and is associated with the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a technological approach with the potential to support obesity management through health monitoring, prediction of intervention success, personalization of recommendations, and clinical decision-making support. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in supporting weight loss among patients with obesity based on a review of scientific articles. Methods : This study used a systematic literature review method through the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The analyzed articles were publications from 2015 to 2025, written in Indonesian or English, classified as original articles or research articles, and selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results : Of the 3,683 articles identified, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis showed that AI contributes to weight loss through supporting mechanisms, such as improved self-monitoring, adherence, user engagement, intervention personalization, and clinical decision support. The roles of AI included observer/monitoring tool, predictor/decision-support, advisor/coach, adaptive optimizer, and content generator/automation tool. Conclusion : AI plays a role as a supporting technology in weight loss among patients with obesity, rather than as a direct biological cause. The use of AI has the potential to make obesity management more personalized, targeted, and adaptive, although further studies with stronger designs and validation in broader populations are still needed.