Studi Analisis Sistem Pendinginan Air pada Mesin Diesel 1 Silinder Yanmar Tipe TF85MR-DI

Beban termal tinggi pada mesin diesel Yanmar TF85MR-di di laboratorium berpotensi menyebabkan overheating, sehingga karakteristik perpindahan panas dan efisiensi sistem pendinginan airnya perlu dievaluasi untuk memastikan keandalan operasi. Metode penelitian melibatkan eksperimen langsung melalui pengukuran temperatur inlet dan outlet radiator menggunakan thermocouple HTi HT-9815, analisis teoritis Q = ṁ·Cp·ΔT, serta pendekatan visualisasi termal berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI-assisted thermal visualization) sebagai pengganti simulasi CFD konvensional untuk memperlihatkan distribusi gradien temperatur pada radiator secara kualitatif. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi tanpa beban (600–1524 RPM) dan beban listrik (0–4.000 Watt) pada putaran mesin ±1.850 RPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju perpindahan panas (Q) tertinggi dicapai pada kondisi high (1524 RPM) sebesar 9.788,63 Watt, sedangkan efektivitas radiator (ε) tertinggi diperoleh pada kondisi idle (600 RPM) sebesar 88,3% dengan ΔT rata-rata 19,54°C. Pada kondisi berbeban, efisiensi pendinginan menunjukkan tren penurunan dari 32,0% (0 Watt) hingga 24,5% (4.000 Watt), dengan temperatur fluida pendingin maksimum terukur 75,5°C. Sistem pendinginan dinyatakan aman pada seluruh variasi beban yang diuji karena seluruh nilai temperatur berada jauh di bawah batas kritis operasi 95°C yang ditetapkan pabrikan.

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High thermal loads on the Yanmar TF85MR-di diesel engine in the laboratory have the potential to cause overheating, so the heat transfer characteristics and efficiency of its water cooling system need to be evaluated to ensure operational reliability. The research method involves direct experiments through measuring the radiator inlet and outlet temperatures using an HTi HT- 9815 thermocouple, theoretical analysis of Q = ṁ·Cp·ΔT, and AI-assisted thermal visualization as a qualitative support approach to visualize coolant temperature gradient distribution in the radiator Tests were conducted under no-load conditions (600–1524 RPM) and electrical loads (0–4,000 Watts) at an engine speed of ±1,850 RPM. The results showed the highest heat transfer rate (Q) was achieved under high-speed conditions (1,524 RPM) at 9,788.63 Watts, while the highest radiator cooling effectiveness (ε) was obtained at idle (600 RPM) at 88.3% with an average ΔT of 19.54°C. Under loaded conditions, cooling efficiency showed a consistent downward trend from 32.0% (0 Watts) to 24.5% (4,000 Watts), with a maximum measured coolant temperature of 75.5°C. The cooling system was found to be safe across all tested load variations, as all temperature values remained well below the critical operating limit of 95°C specified by the manufacturer.