Analisis Pembebanan pada Poros dan Bilah Pengupas pada Mesin Pengupas Kulit Kacang Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak SolidWorks

Mesin pengupas kulit kacang merupakan salah satu teknologi tepat guna yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses pemisahan kulit kacang dari bijinya. Komponen utama yang berperan dalam proses pengupasan adalah poros dan bilah pengupas yang bekerja secara berputar sehingga menerima pembebanan statis dan dinamis selama proses operasi. Pembebanan meliputi gaya sentrifugal akibat putaran poros sebesar 350 rpm dengan beban operasi berupa massa kacang, bilah pengupas, dan pulley. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fine mesh memberikan hasil paling akurat dengan nilai tegangan von mises maksimum sebesar 1,719 MPa, nilai displacement maksimum sebesar 7,14 × 10⁻⁷ mm, serta nilai factor of safety sebesar 142,474. Hasil uji konvergensi menunjukkan bahwa medium mesh dan fine mesh memiliki selisih sebesar 3,69%, sehingga dinyatakan telah memenuhi kriteria konvergensi. Perbandingan antara hasil simulasi dan perhitungan teoritis juga menunjukkan selisih yang relatif kecil. Nilai tegangan maksimum yang diperoleh masih jauh di bawah tegangan luluh material ASTM A36, sehingga poros dan bilah pengupas dinyatakan aman digunakan.
Kata kunci: Mesin Pengupas Kulit Kacang, Poros, Bilah Pengupas, Finite Element Method, SolidWorks, Tegangan Von mises, Displacement, Factor of safety.

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ABSTRACT A peanut shelling machine is an appropriate-technology designed to improve the efficiency of separating peanut shells from the kernels. The primary components involved in the shelling process are the shaft and the peeling blade, which rotate and therefore subjected to both static and dynamic loads during operation. These loads include centrifugal forces generated by the shaft rotating at 350 rpm, as well as operational loads resulting from the mass of peanuts, the peeling blade, and the pulley. The results indicate that the fine mesh produced the most accurate results, with a maximum von Mises stress of 1.719 MPa, a maximum displacement of 7.14 × 10⁻⁷ mm, and a factor of safety of 142.474. The convergence test indicated that the medium and fine meshes have a difference of 3.69%, indicating that the convergence criterion had been satisfied. Furthermore, the comparison between the simulation results and theoretical calculations also shows a relatively small discrepancy. The maximum stress obtained was significantly lower that the yield strength of ASTM A36 steel indicating that shaft and peeling blade are structurally safe for operation.