Penerapan Model Self Care Orem berbasis Teknologi Digital melalui Video Edukasi dalam Meningkatkan Self Management Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sawahan Surabaya

Masalah : Rendahnya perilaku perawatan diri pada pasien diabetes mellitus dapat menyebabkan pengendalian kadar glukosa darah menjadi tidak optimal. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pasien dalam mengelola penyakitnya adalah melalui penerapan Model Self Care Orem berbasis teknologi digital melalui video edukasi. Tujuan : Menganalisis perbedaan tingkat self management pasien diabetes mellitus sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penerapan Model Self Care Orem berbasis teknologi digital melalui video edukasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sawahan Surabaya. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-experimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 177 pasien diabetes mellitus yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dengan tingkat signifikansi α = 0,01. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Sebelum diberikan intervensi, sebagian besar responden memiliki self management kategori cukup sebanyak 146 responden (82,5%), kategori kurang sebanyak 27 responden (15,3%), dan kategori baik sebanyak 4 responden (2,2%). Setelah diberikan intervensi, sebagian besar responden mengalami peningkatan menjadi kategori baik sebanyak 155 responden (87,6%) dan kategori cukup sebanyak 22 responden (12,4%). Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test menunjukkan nilai p < 0,001 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara self management sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model Self Care Orem berbasis teknologi digital melalui video edukasi efektif dalam meningkatkan perilaku self management pasien diabetes mellitus.

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Background: Low self-care behavior among patients with diabetes mellitus may lead to poor blood glucose control. One effort to improve patients' ability to manage their disease is through the implementation of the Orem Self-Care Model based on digital technology using educational videos. Objective: To analyze the differences in the self-management levels of patients with diabetes mellitus before and after the implementation of the Orem Self-Care Model based on digital technology through educational videos in the working area of Sawahan Community Health Center, Surabaya. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 177 patients with diabetes mellitus selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level of α = 0.01. Results and Discussion: Prior to the intervention, most respondents demonstrated a moderate level of self-management, with 146 respondents (82.5%) categorized as moderate, 27 respondents (15.3%) as poor, and 4 respondents (2.2%) as good. After the intervention, most respondents showed improvement, with 155 respondents (87.6%) categorized as good and 22 respondents (12.4%) as moderate. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value of < 0.001, indicating a significant difference in self-management before and after the intervention. The findings suggest that the implementation of the Orem Self-Care Model based on digital technology through educational videos is effective in improving self-management behavior among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Orem Self-Care, Self Management, Digital Technology, Educational Video.