Hubungan Interpersonal Influences dengan Self-Care Management Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Ngagel Rejo Surabaya

Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 merupakan gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai hiperglikemia akibat resistensi insulin, sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan mandiri jangka panjang. Ketidakoptimalan self-care management berdampak langsung pada buruknya pengendalian kadar glukosa darah dan meningkatnya risiko komplikasi kronis seperti nefropati diabetik, neuropati, retinopati, penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan interpersonal influences dengan self-care management pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Ngagel Rejo Surabaya. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi yaitu 160 pasien DM tipe 2 dengan sampel 115 responden, teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel dependen interpersonal influences dan variabel independen yaitu self-care management, Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner KII-HPM untuk interpersonal influences dan kuesioner SDSCA untuk self-care management, dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank (α = 0,05). Hasil: Sebesar 90 (78,3%) responden berada pada kategori interpersonal influences cukup. Sebanyak 92 (80,0%) responden berada pada self-care managenet cukup. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik Spearman Rank (p-value 0,000 < 0,05, r = 0,754), sehingga H₀ ditolak dan H₁ diterima, menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan, positif, dan kuat antara interpersonal influences dengan selfcare management. Semakin baik dukungan sosial, norma sosial, dan modeling yang diterima pasien, semakin baik pula pelaksanaan perawatan dirinya. Diskusi: Oleh karena itu, penguatan peran keluarga, tenaga kesehatan, dan program peer support diperlukan untuk meningkatkan self-care management pasien secara berkelanjutan.

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Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance, requiring long-term self-management. Inadequate self-care management directly affects poor glycemic control and increases the risk of chronic complications such as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between interpersonal influences and self-care management among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Ngagel Rejo Public Health Center, Surabaya. Methods: This study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 160 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and 115 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was interpersonal influences, while the dependent variable was self-care management. Data were collected using the KII-HPM questionnaire to measure interpersonal influences and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire to assess self-care management. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: A total of 90 respondents (78.3%) had a moderate level of interpersonal influences, while 92 respondents (80.0%) demonstrated a moderate level of self-care management. Statistical analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test showed a significant, positive, and strong relationship between interpersonal influences and self-care management (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05; r = 0.754). Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted. These findings indicate that better social support, social norms, and modeling received by patients are associated with better self-care management.
Discussion: Strengthening the roles of family members, healthcare professionals, and peer support programs is essential to sustainably improve self-care management among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, interpersonal influences, self-care management, health promotion model