Efektivitas Self-Management Berbasis WhatsApp Group dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Deteksi Dini Preeklamsia pada Ibu Hamil

Latar Belakang : Preeklamsia merupakan komplikasi serius yang ditandai proteinuria dan peningkatan tekanan darah. Rendahnya pengetahuan dan sikap deteksi dini dapat menyebabkan terlambat dalam penanganan dan mengenali tanda bahaya. Metode edukasi self management berbasis whatsapp group yang mudah diakses dan berpotensi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap deteksi dini ibu hamil. Tujuan : Mengetahui efektivitas self management berbasis whatsapp group dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap deteksi dini preeklamsia pada ibu hamil. Metode : Penelitian menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental one group pre-test post-test. Intervensi yang diberikan self management pada 53 responden selama satu minggu. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen pengetahuan dan sikap. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan sebelum self management 48 responden (90,6%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang namun setelah dilakukan self management mengalami kenaikan 37 responden (69,8%) kategori baik. Sikap sebelum self management didominasi 28 responden (52,8%) kategori sikap negatif, setelah dilakukan self management mengalami perubahan sebanyak 30 responden (56,5%) dengan kategori sikap positif. Hasil analisis data Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai p < 0,005 Diskusi : Self management terbukti efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap deteksi dini preeklamsia pada ibu hamil dan dapat diterapkan bagian dari program perawatan edukatif.

===================================================================================

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by proteinuria and elevated blood pressure. Low levels of knowledge and poor attitudes regarding early detection can lead to delays in treatment and failure to recognize danger signs. A WhatsApp group-based self-management education method is easily accessible and has the potential for improving pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes regarding early detection. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a WhatsApp group-based self-management approach in improving knowledge and attitudes regarding early detection of preeclampsia among pregnant women. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental, one-group pre-test post-test design. A self- management intervention was administered to 53 respondents over the course of one week. Data were collected using instruments measuring knowledge and attitudes and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: Prior to the intervention, 48 respondents (90.6%) demonstrated poor knowledge; following the intervention, 37 respondents (69.8%) moved into the “good” knowledge category. Regarding attitudes, the majority (28 respondents or 52.8%) initially held negative attitudes; after the intervention, 30 respondents (56.5%) shifted to the positive attitude category. The Wilcoxon test analysis yielded a p-value of < 0.005. Discussion: WhatsApp group- based self-management proved effective in improving knowledge and attitudes regarding early detection of preeclampsia among pregnant women and can be implemented as part of educational care programs.