Peningkatan Kemampuan Caregiver dalam Perawatan Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Lansia melalui Psikoedukasi di Wilayah Rangkah

Pendahuluan: Kemampuan caregiver dalam perawatan Activities of Daily Living (ADL) lansia merupakan faktor penting dalam menjaga kemandirian dan kualitas hidup lansia. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan caregiver dapat mempengaruhi kualitas perawatan yang diberikan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh psikoedukasi terhadap peningkatan kemampuan caregiver dalam perawatan ADL lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rangkah. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-experimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian adalah caregiver yang merawat lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rangkah. Sampel penelitian sebesar 61 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas menggunakan Pearson Product Moment ( r hitung > r tabel 0,602) dan diuji reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha (observasi kemempuan caregiver 0,759), sehingga seluruh instrumen dinyatakan valid dan relibel. Analisa data menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (α = 0,05). Hasil: Sebelum diberikan psikoedukasi sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori cukup mampu sebanyak 46 (75,40%) responden. Setelah diberikan psikoedukasi sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori mampu sebanyak 55 (90,20%) responden. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p-value 0,000 (p<0,05). Pembahasan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh psikoedukasi terhadap peningkatan kemampuan caregiver dalam perawatan ADL lansia. Psikoedukasi efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan caregiver dalam memberikan perawatan yang optimal kepada lansia.

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Introduction: Caregiver ability in providing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) care for older adults is an essential factor in maintaining their independence and quality of life. Limited caregiver knowledge and skills may affect the quality of care provided. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of psychoeducation on improving caregiver ability in providing ADL care for older adults in the working area of Rangkah Community Health Center. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The study population consisted of caregivers providing care for older adults in the working area of Rangkah Community Health Center. A total of 61 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity using the Pearson Product-Moment correlation (calculated r > table r = 0.602) and for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha (caregiver ability observation = 0.759), indicating that all research instruments were valid and reliable. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α = 0.05). Results: Before the psychoeducation intervention, most respondents were categorized as moderately capable (46 respondents; 75.40%). After the intervention, most respondents were categorized as capable (55 respondents; 90.20%). Statistical analysis showed p < 0.001. Discussion: The findings indicate that psychoeducation had a significant effect on improving caregivers' ability to provide ADL care for older adults. Psychoeducation effectively enhanced caregivers' knowledge and skills in delivering optimal care for older adults.