Perjuangan Perempuan dalam Antologi Prosa Nonfiksi Janda: Kisah-Kisah Perempuan Pemimpin Keluarga Karya Inge Widjajanti dkk.: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Simone de Beauvoir

Penelitian ini mengkaji representasi perempuan dalam antologi prosa nonfiksi Janda: Kisah-Kisah Perempuan Pemimpin Keluarga yang berkaitan dengan budaya patriarki, stigma sosial terhadap janda, serta nilai pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan : 1) konstruksi sosial “menjadi perempuan”, 2) perlawanan perempuan terhadap konsep liyan (the Other), serta kebebasan dan tanggung jawab perempuan sebagai pemimpin keluarga. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan teori feminisme eksistensialis Simone de Beauvoir. Data primer berupa narasi, dialog, dan peristiwa dalam antologi, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku, jurnal, dan referensi ilmiah yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, dokumentasi, serta teknik baca dan catat. Data dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini : 1) perempuan mengalami tekanan sosial berupa tuntutan domestik, stigma terhadap status janda, diskriminasi, dan beban ganda dalam kehidupan sosial maupun keluarga. 2) perempuan juga melakukan perlawanan terhadap ketidakadilan melalui keberanian mengambil keputusan hidup, mempertahankan harga diri, dan membangun kemandirian ekonomi serta sosial. 3) kebebasan dan tanggung jawab perempuan tercermin melalui kemampuan tokoh perempuan menjadi pemimpin keluarga, bekerja keras memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, membesarkan anak, serta mengembangkan diri demi kehidupan yang lebih baik.

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This study examines the representation of women in the nonfiction prose anthology Janda: Kisah-Kisah Perempuan Pemimpin Keluarga, focusing on patriarchal culture, the social stigma surrounding widows, and character education values. Specifically, the study aims to describe: (1) the social construction of “becoming a woman”; (2) women’s resistance to the concept of the Other; and (3) women’s freedom and responsibility as heads of their families. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method using a literary sociology approach and Simone de Beauvoir’s existential feminist theory. The primary data consisted of narratives, dialogues, and events presented in the anthology, while the secondary data were obtained from books, scholarly journals, and other relevant academic references. Data were collected through library research, documentation, and reading and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that: (1) women experience various forms of social pressure, including domestic expectations, social stigma associated with widowhood, discrimination, and the double burden of family and social responsibilities; (2) women resist these forms of injustice by making independent life decisions, preserving their dignity, and achieving economic and social independence; and (3) women’s freedom and responsibility are reflected in their ability to become family leaders, work diligently to meet their families’ needs, raise their children, and pursue self-development in order to achieve a better quality of life.