Perbedaan Kadar Hemoglobin, Hematokrit, Eritrosit, dan Indeks Eritrosit (MCV, MCH, MCHC) Perokok Elektrik dan Perokok Konvensional

Latar Belakang: Pergeseran tren gaya hidup urban memicu peralihan konsumsi dari rokok konvensional ke rokok elektrik (vaping) karena adanya stigma bahwa rokok elektrik lebih aman. Namun, paparan zat kimia dan nikotin dari kedua jenis rokok tersebut tetap berpotensi mengganggu homeostasis sistem hematologi melalui mekanisme kompensasi hipoksia jaringan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit, jumlah eritrosit, serta indeks eritrosit (MCV, MCH, MCHC) antara kelompok perokok elektrik dan perokok konvensional. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Arosbaya selama 7 hari. Sampel darah perifer dari kedua kelompok subjek dianalisis menggunakan alat otomatis Hematology Analyzer. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Independent T-Test (α = 0,05) setelah uji normalitas terpenuhi. Hasil: Kelompok perokok elektrik menunjukkan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin (15,6 ± 0,5 g/dL), hematokrit (47,5 ± 2,6%), jumlah eritrosit (5,2 ± 0,3 × 10⁶/µL), MCV (88,3 ± 2,4 fL), MCH (32,4 ± 1,3 pg), dan MCHC (35,1 ± 0,9 g/dL). Sementara perokok konvensional memiliki rata-rata Hb (13,7 ± 1,2 g/dL), hematokrit (36,2 ± 0,9%), eritrosit (3,9 ± 0,1 × 10⁶/µL), MCV (81,2 ± 1,1 fL), MCH (27,4 ± 0,6 pg), dan MCHC (31,8 ± 0,3 g/dL). Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai signifikansi seluruh parameter p < 0,05. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada seluruh parameter hematologi yang diuji, di mana kelompok perokok elektrik menunjukkan peningkatan nilai parameter yang lebih tinggi sebagai bentuk respons adaptasi sistemik tubuh yang lebih progresif terhadap paparan zat kimia kawat dan cairan liquid.

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Background: Shifts in urban lifestyle trends have driven a transition from conventional cigarette consumption to e-cigarettes (vaping), fueled by the perception that e-cigarettes are safer. However, exposure to chemicals and nicotine from both types of cigarettes retains the potential to disrupt hematological system homeostasis through mechanisms involving tissue hypoxia compensation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze differences in hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, erythrocyte counts, and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) between groups of e-cigarette smokers and conventional cigarette smokers. Methods: This observational analytic study was conducted within the working area of the Arosbaya Community Health Center (Puskesmas) over a period of 7 days. Peripheral blood samples from both subject groups were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. Data analysis employed the Independent T-Test (α = 0.05) following the fulfillment of normality test requirements. Results: The e-cigarette smoker group exhibited mean values of hemoglobin (15.6 ± 0.5 g/dL), hematocrit (47.5 ± 2.6%), erythrocyte count (5.2 ± 0.3 × 10⁶/µL), MCV (88.3 ± 2.4 fL), MCH (32.4 ± 1.3 pg), and MCHC (35.1 ± 0.9 g/dL). Meanwhile, conventional smokers exhibited mean values of Hb (13.7 ± 1.2 g/dL), hematocrit (36.2 ± 0.9%), erythrocytes (3.9 ± 0.1 × 10⁶/µL), MCV (81.2 ± 1.1 fL), MCH (27.4 ± 0.6 pg), and MCHC (31.8 ± 0.3 g/dL). Hypothesis testing results indicated significance values of p < 0.05 for all parameters. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed across all tested hematological parameters; the electronic cigarette smoker group demonstrated greater increases in parameter values, reflecting a more progressive systemic adaptive response to exposure to chemical substances from the coil and e-liquid.