Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ibu Post Partum Primipara dengan Masalah Menyusui Tidak Efektif di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Menyusui tidak efektif merupakan permasalahan yang sering dialami ibu postpartum primipara, baik setelah persalinan normal maupun Sectio Caesarea. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai teknik menyusui, keterlambatan produksi Air Susu Ibu (ASI), kesalahan perlekatan bayi, serta kondisi fisik ibu pascapersalinan yang dapat menghambat proses menyusui. Apabila tidak ditangani secara optimal, kondisi tersebut dapat mengganggu keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif dan pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan pada ibu postpartum primipara dengan diagnosis keperawatan menyusui tidak efektif di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus terhadap dua subjek, yaitu Ny. A (persalinan normal) dan Ny. L (Sectio Caesarea). Asuhan keperawatan diberikan selama tiga hari melalui tahapan pengkajian, diagnosis keperawatan, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Intervensi meliputi edukasi menyusui, pendampingan posisi dan teknik perlekatan yang benar, perawatan payudara, stimulasi pengeluaran ASI, serta pelibatan keluarga sebagai pendukung.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedua klien mengalami menyusui tidak efektif. Pada Ny. A, masalah dipengaruhi kurangnya pengetahuan dan pengalaman sebagai ibu primipara, sedangkan pada Ny. L dipengaruhi kurangnya pengetahuan, puting susu datar, serta nyeri pasca Sectio Caesarea. Setelah tiga hari asuhan keperawatan, kondisi Ny. A membaik dan masalah dinyatakan teratasi. Pada Ny. L terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menyusui dan produksi ASI, namun masalah masih teratasi sebagian karena hambatan puting susu datar dan nyeri pascaoperasi.

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Ineffective breastfeeding is a common issue faced by primiparous postpartum mothers, whether following normal delivery or Cesarean section. This condition is influenced by a lack of knowledge regarding breastfeeding techniques, delayed breast milk production, incorrect infant latching, and the mother's physical condition post-delivery, all of which can hinder the breastfeeding process. If not managed optimally, this condition can compromise the success of exclusive breastfeeding and the fulfillment of the infant’s nutritional needs. This study aims to describe the implementation of nursing care for primiparous postpartum mothers diagnosed with ineffective breastfeeding at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surabaya.
The study employed a descriptive method using a case study approach involving two subjects: Mrs. A (normal delivery) and Mrs. L (Cesarean section). Nursing care was provided over three days, encompassing the stages of assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Interventions included breastfeeding education, guidance on correct positioning and latching techniques, breast care, stimulation of milk production, and the involvement of family members for support.
The results showed that both clients experienced ineffective breastfeeding. For Mrs. A, the issue was influenced by a lack of knowledge and experience as a first-time mother, whereas for Mrs.L, it was influenced by a lack of knowledge, flat nipples, and post-Cesarean pain. After three days of nursing care, Mrs. A’s condition improved, and the problem was resolved. Mrs. L showed improvement in breastfeeding ability and milk production; however, the problem was only partially resolved due to the challenges posed by flat nipples and postoperative pain. After three days of nursing care, Mrs. A’s condition improved, and the problem was resolved. Mrs. L showed improvement in breastfeeding ability and milk production; however, the problem was only partially resolved due to the challenges posed by flat nipples and postoperative pain.

Keywords: Nursing Care, Postpartum Mother, Ineffective Breastfeeding, Primipara, Cesarean Section