Strategi Pengembangan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Multikultural dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya

Keberagaman budaya, agama, suku, dan latar belakang sosial peserta didik menuntut penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang mampu menanamkan nilai toleransi, moderasi beragama, dan penghargaan terhadap perbedaan. Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan peluang untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran yang fleksibel dan berpusat pada peserta didik, termasuk dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) berbasis multikultural.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi pengembangan pembelajaran PAI berbasis multikultural dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya. Rumusan masalah penelitian meliputi: (1) konsep pembelajaran PAI berbasis multikultural; (2) penerapan nilai-nilai multikultural dalam pembelajaran PAI; dan (3) faktor pendukung serta penghambat implementasinya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan kepala sekolah, guru PAI, dan peserta didik. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) konsep pembelajaran PAI berbasis multikultural dikembangkan melalui integrasi nilai toleransi, kesetaraan, penghargaan terhadap keberagaman, dan moderasi beragama dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran; (2) penerapan nilai multikultural dilakukan melalui pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, diskusi kelompok, pembelajaran berbasis proyek, dan pembiasaan sikap saling menghormati; serta (3) faktor pendukung meliputi komitmen sekolah, kompetensi guru, kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka, dan lingkungan sekolah yang heterogen, sedangkan faktor penghambat meliputi keterbatasan pemahaman peserta didik, sumber belajar, dan perbedaan latar belakang budaya.

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The diversity of cultures, religions, ethnicities, and social backgrounds of students demands an education system that instills values of tolerance, religious moderation, and respect for differences. The implementation of the Independent Curriculum provides an opportunity to develop flexible, student-centered learning, including in multicultural Islamic Religious Education (PAI).
This study aims to analyze strategies for developing multicultural-based PAI learning within the Independent Curriculum at Muhammadiyah 1 Senior High School, Surabaya. The research questions include: (1) the concept of multicultural-based PAI learning; (2) the application of multicultural values in PAI learning; and (3) supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation.
This study used a qualitative approach with a case study. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving the principal, PAI teachers, and students. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
The research results show that: (1) the concept of multicultural Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning is developed through the integration of the values of tolerance, equality, respect for diversity, and religious moderation in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning; (2) the application of multicultural values is carried out through differentiated learning, group discussions, project-based learning, and the cultivation of mutual respect; and (3) supporting factors include school commitment, teacher competence, the Independent Curriculum policy, and a heterogeneous school environment. While inhibiting factors include limited student understanding, learning resources, and differences in cultural backgrounds.