Analisis Perpindahan Kalor pada Mesin Steam terhadap Waktu dan Tingkat Kematangan Nasi di Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi Buduran, Sidoarjo

Wungu, Rohmad Dayang Semendi (2026) Analisis Perpindahan Kalor pada Mesin Steam terhadap Waktu dan Tingkat Kematangan Nasi di Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi Buduran, Sidoarjo. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perpindahan kalor pada mesin steam berbahan bakar gas LPG terhadap waktu tingkat kematangan nasi di Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) Buduran-Sidoarjo. Penggunaan mesin steam dalam proses pemasakan nasi skala besar memerlukan distribusi panas yang optimal agar diperoleh tingkat kematangan nasi yang merata serta efisiensi energi yang baik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif eksperimen dengan melakukan pengukuran suhu api, waktu pemasakan, massa beras, volume air, dan suhu nasi matang selama proses pemasakan berlangsung. Massa beras yang digunakan pada setiap pengujian sebesar 36 kg dengan perbandingan air dan beras 1:1. Data hasil pengukuran kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori perpindahan kalor yang meliputi kalor sensibel, kalor laten, laju perpindahan kalor, konduksi, konveksi, dan radiasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu api menyebabkan peningkatan laju perpindahan kalor serta mempercepat proses pemasakan nasi. Pada pengujian pertama diperoleh suhu api akhir sebesar 198°C dengan waktu pemasakan 90 menit dan laju perpindahan kalor sebesar 3.912,6 W. Sementara pada pengujian kelima diperoleh suhu api akhir tertinggi sebesar 213°C dengan waktu pemasakan tercepat yaitu 73 menit dan laju perpindahan kalor sebesar 5.134,4 W. Nilai kalor total meningkat dari 21.128.000 J menjadi 22.488.800 J seiring meningkatnya suhu pemasakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi terbaik diperoleh pada suhu api akhir 213°C dengan suhu nasi matang mencapai 104°C.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu pemanasan yang dihasilkan mesin steam, maka semakin besar laju perpindahan kalor yang terjadi sehingga waktu pemasakan menjadi lebih singkat dan tingkat kematangan nasi menjadi lebih optimal.

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This study aims to analyze heat transfer in an LPG-fueled steam machine in relation to the cooking time of rice at the Buduran-Sidoarjo Nutrition Service Unit (SPPG). The use of steam cookers in large-scale rice cooking processes requires optimal heat distribution to ensure uniform rice doneness and good energy efficiency. The research method employed was a quantitative experimental approach, involving measurements of flame temperature, cooking time, rice mass, water volume, and the temperature of cooked rice throughout the cooking process. The mass of rice used in each test was 36 kg with a water-to-rice ratio of 1:1. The measurement data were then analyzed using heat transfer theory, which includes sensible heat, latent heat, heat transfer rate, conduction, convection, and radiation.
The results of the study showed that an increase in flame temperature led to an increase in the heat transfer rate and accelerated the rice cooking process. In the first test, the final flame temperature was 198°C with a cooking time of 90 minutes and a heat transfer rate of 3,912.6 W. Meanwhile, in the fifth test, the highest final flame temperature of 213°C was recorded, with the fastest cooking time of 73 minutes and a heat transfer rate of 5,134.4 W. The total heat value increased from 21,128,000 J to 22,488,800 J as the cooking temperature rose. The research results showed that the best operating conditions were achieved at a final flame temperature of 213°C, with the cooked rice reaching a temperature of 104°C.
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the higher the heating temperature produced by the steam engine, the greater the heat transfer rate, resulting in a shorter cooking time and a more optimal level of rice doneness.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Mesin Steam, Perpindahan panas,perubahan suhu, waktu
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: 08. Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Mesin
Depositing User: ROHMAD DAYANG SEMENDI WUNGU
Date Deposited: 12 Oct 2026 01:46
Last Modified: 12 Oct 2026 01:46
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/14940

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