Hubungan Persepsi Penyakit, Lama Menderita, dan Literasi Digital dengan Kemampuan Self-Care Management pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di Rumah Sakit Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Cabang Sepanjang, Sidoarjo

Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe II merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan pengelolaan diri (self-care management) secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan untuk mencegah komplikasi. Berdasarkan Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem), kemampuan perawatan diri dipengaruhi oleh faktor kondisional dasar seperti persepsi penyakit (kognitif), lama menderita (pengalaman klinis), dan literasi digital (stimulus informasi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan persepsi penyakit, lama menderita, dan literasi digital dengan kemampuan self-care management pada pasien DM Tipe II. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 60 responden pasien DM Tipe II rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Sepanjang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner B-IPQ (Persepsi Penyakit), lembar observasi durasi sakit (Lama Menderita), HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN (Literasi Digital), dan SDSCA (Self-Care Management). Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Spearman Rank (α=0,05). Hasil: Mayoritas responden memiliki persepsi penyakit kategori cukup (51,7%), lama menderita durasi sedang 6–10 tahun (40,0%), literasi digital kategori cukup (76,7%), dan kemampuan self-care management kategori cukup (85,0%). Uji Spearman Rank menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara persepsi penyakit dengan self-care management (p=0,156; r=0,186) dan tidak ada hubungan antara lama menderita dengan self-care management (p=0,968; r=-0,005). Sebaliknya, terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan kekuatan sedang antara literasi digital dengan kemampuan self-care management (p=0,000; r=0,553). Kesimpulan: Persepsi penyakit dan lama menderita tidak secara otomatis menentukan tingkat self-care management akibat adanya fenomena intention-behavior gap dan diabetes burnout. Sementara itu, literasi digital terbukti sebagai faktor pendorong (enabling factor) yang meningkatkan kemandirian perawatan diri. Disarankan bagi perawat untuk mengintegrasikan edukasi kesehatan berbasis platform digital resmi guna mengoptimalkan perawatan diri pasien secara berkelanjutan.

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Introduction: Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease requiring independent and continuous self-care management to prevent complications. Based on Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, self-care ability is influenced by basic conditioning factors such as illness perception (cognitive), duration of illness (clinical experience), and digital literacy (information stimulus). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between illness perception, duration of illness, and digital literacy with self-care management ability in Type II DM patients. Methods: This quantitative study employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 60 hospitalized Type II DM patients at RS Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah, Sepanjang, selected using purposive sampling. Research instruments included the B-IPQ questionnaire (Illness Perception), an observation sheet for illness duration (Duration of Illness), HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN (Digital Literacy), and SDSCA (Self-Care Management). Data analysis utilized the Spearman Rank statistical test. Results: The majority of respondents had illness perception in the moderate category (51.7%), a moderate duration of illness (6–10 years; 40.0%), digital literacy in the moderate category (76.7%), and self-care management ability in the moderate category (85.0%). The Spearman rank test showed no significant relationship between illness perception and self-care management and no relationship between duration of illness and self-care management. Conversely, there was a significant positive correlation of moderate strength between digital literacy and self-care management capabilities. Conclusion: Illness perception and disease duration do not automatically determine the level of self-care management due to phenomena such as the intention-behavior gap and diabetes burnout. Meanwhile, digital literacy has been shown to be an enabling factor that enhances self-care independence. It is recommended that nurses integrate health education based on official digital platforms to optimize patient self-care on a sustainable basis.