Aphrodisiac Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from the Fruits of Three Pepper Plants from Piperaceae Family

Background: Pepper plants belong to the Piperaceae family with many pharmacological activities. The fruits of
these plants have been widely used traditionally for various therapies, one of which is an aphrodisiac. Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the aphrodisiac activity of the fruits of three pepper plants, Piper
nigrum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper cubeba to prove their traditional use. Methods: The level of piperin, the
active compound of plants from the family Piperaceae, was also determined in the ethanolic extract of those three
fruits of the pepper plant. The aphrodisiac activity was determined by counting the number of introducing and
mounting mice. The acute toxicity test of the extract was carried out according to the OECD-423 guidelines.
Results: The ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits had the highest piperin concentration, while the ethanolic
extract of Piper retrofractum fruits had the highest aphrodisiac activity, according to the findings. During the
entire duration of the acute toxicity study, no signs of toxicity or mortality were discovered.Conclusion: This study
proves that all fruits of three species of pepper plants exhibit aphrodisiac activity. Furthermore, this study also
shows that not only piperin is responsible for the aphrodisiac effect