Self-efficacy, motivation and adolescent’s adherence of a health protocol during pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia

OBJECTIVE: Compliance with the
5M health protocols of washing hands, wearing
masks, keeping a distance of at least one me-
ter, avoiding crowds, and reducing mobility is
the best effort to prevent COVID-19. Adolescents
are non-compliant in implementing health proto-
cols during the pandemic. Therefore, this study
aimed to investigate the level of compliance with
the 5M health protocols. It also examines the re-
lationship between self-efficacy, motivation, and
compliance with health protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data analysis
was conducted on a cross-sectional survey of
978 adolescents in Surabaya, Indonesia. Multi-
ple logistic regression was performed to ana-
lyze the relationship between the three. Further-
more, adolescent self-efficacy was measured
using the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES),
while motivation scale and sociodemographic
questionnaire were measured to assess the mo-
tivation and characteristics of the respondents.
RESULTS: Adolescent self-efficacy in compli-
ance with health protocols is around (92.0%) with
an average GSES score of 25.52 + 4.64. The analy-
sis showed that adolescents with high self-effica-
cy and motivation had a high level of adherence
(OR 2.804, 95% CI 2.008, 3.915) and high motiva-
tion (OR 2.926, 95% CI 2.087, 4.102), compared
to those with low self-efficacy and motivation.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that
initial identification of self-efficacy and motiva-
tion should be addressed to ensure compliance
with health protocols to prevent the pandemic