Pandemic Transformation: Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning In Indonesian Higher Education

The Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic began as an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, eventually becoming a pandemic in all nations, including Indonesia. On March 24, 2020, the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia issued circular letter number 4 of 2020 regarding the implementation of education policies in the emergency period of the spread of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) in response to the situation of the increasingly high spread of Covid-19, which had a severe impact on the education sector. During this pandemic, an online learning strategy is considered the best alternative for ensuring that students' right to study is preserved and that students engage in both synchronous and asynchronous learning activities provided online. This study investigates how synchronous and asynchronous learning is applied to replace face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Previous research and literature reviews were undertaken to understand implementation better and give insight into enhancing online learning to make it more valuable to students, lecturers, and educational institutions.