Studi Pengaruh Posisi 2G dan 3G Pengelasan dengan Metode Setting Arus, Speed, Waktu dan Perhitungan Yang Tepat Untuk Hasil Maksimal Penetrant Test

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh posisi pengelasan 2G dan 3G serta variasi arus listrik terhadap kualitas hasil pengelasan baja karbon rendah menggunakan metode Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Material yang digunakan adalah baja karbon rendah dengan ketebalan 8 mm dan elektroda E6013 berdiameter 3,2 mm. Variasi arus pengelasan meliputi 80 A, 90 A, dan 100 A pada posisi horizontal (2G) dan vertikal (3G). Kualitas hasil las diuji menggunakan metode non-destruktif Liquid Penetrant Test (LPT) untuk mendeteksi cacat permukaan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi pengelasan dan besar arus listrik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas sambungan las. Posisi 2G menghasilkan kualitas las lebih baik dibandingkan posisi 3G karena kestabilan kolam las lebih mudah dikendalikan. Arus 80 A menghasilkan penetrasi dangkal dan cacat lack of fusion, sedangkan arus 100 A menimbulkan cacat overlap, slag inclusion, dan porositas. Arus 90 A memberikan penetrasi optimal dengan cacat minimal. Jenis cacat yang ditemukan meliputi porositas, lack of fusion, crater defect, overlap, dan slag inclusion.
Kombinasi parameter terbaik diperoleh pada posisi pengelasan 2G dengan arus 90 A dengan persentase cacat terendah sekitar 4%. Dengan demikian, pengaturan parameter pengelasan yang tepat sangat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kualitas hasil pengelasan baja karbon rendah.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of 2G and 3G welding positions and electrical current variations on the quality of low• carbon steel welding results using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. The material used was low-carbon steel with a thickness of 8 mm and a 3.2 mm diameter E6013 electrode. The welding current variations included 80 A, 90 A, and 100 A in the horizontal (2G) and vertical (3G) positions. The quality of the weld was tested using the non-destructive Liquid Penetrant Test (LPT) method to detect surface defects.

The results showed that the welding position and electric current significantly affected the quality of the welded joint. The 2G position produced better weld quality than the 3G position because the stability of the weld pool was easier to control. A current of 80 A resulted in shallow penetration and lack of fusion defects, while a current of 100 A caused overlap, slag inclusion, and porosity defects. A current of 90 A provided optimal penetration with minimal defects. The types of defects found included porosity, lack of fusion, crater defects, overlap, and slag inclusion.

The best combination of parameters was obtained in the 2G welding position with a current of 90 A, with the lowest defect percentage of around 4%. Thus, proper welding parameter settings are very influential in improving the quality of low carbon steel welding results.