Pengaruh Pendekatan Diabetes Self-Management Education terhadap Kontrol Glikemik pada Pasien Lansia Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

ABSTRAK

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN DIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION TERHADAP KONTROL GLIKEMIK PADA PASIEN LANSIA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

Oleh: Lutfiana Damayanti

Program Studi S1 Keperawatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Pendahuluan: Kontrol glikemik yang tidak optimal pada lansia Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 meningkatkan risiko komplikasi dan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Pendekatan Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) berperan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pengelolaan diri pasien. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh pendekatan Diabetes Self- Management Education (DSME) terhadap kontrol glikemik pada pasien lansia Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gading Surabaya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-experimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 pasien lansia Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gading Surabaya. Intervensi pendekatan Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) menggunakan media booklet selama 1 bulan dengan frekuensi 3 kali setiap minggu. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) dan didukung dengan hasil pemeriksaan gula darah puasa (GDP). Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan paired t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p < 0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian DSME. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan pendekatan DSME, Sebagian besar responden berada di kategori cukup yaitu 76,7%. Setelah diberikan pendekatan DSME, Sebagian besar responden berada di kategori baik yaitu 51,7%. Discussion: Peningkatan pemahaman melalui pendekatan DSME menjadi strategi yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pasien dalam melakukan self-care sehingga membantu pengelolaan Diabetes Mellitus secara mandiri.

Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Diabetes Self Management Education, Kontrol Glikemik, Lansia.

ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF THE DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION APPROACH ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

By: Lutfiana Damayanti

Bachelor of Nursing Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya

Introduction: Suboptimal glycaemic control in elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus increases the risk of complications and reduces quality of life. The Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) approach plays a role in enhancing patients’ self-management capabilities. Objective: To analyse the effect of the Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) approach on glycaemic control in elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus within the working area of the Gading Community Health Centre, Surabaya. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study involved 60 elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the working area of the Gading Community Health Centre, Surabaya. The DSME intervention utilized a booklet over a period of one month, with a frequency of three sessions per week. Measurements were conducted using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) and supported by fasting blood glucose (FBG) test results. Data analysis utilized the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test, with a significance level of p < 0.05 indicating a difference between the pre- and post-DSME intervention states. Results: The study results showed that prior to the DSME intervention, the majority of respondents (76.7%) fell into the “fair” category. Following the DSME intervention, the majority of respondents (51.7%) fell into the “good” category. Discussion: Improving understanding through the DSME approach serves as a strategy to enhance patients' self-care abilities, thereby facilitating independent management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Self-Management Education, Glycaemic Control, Elderly