Analisis Nilai-Nilai Moral, Agama, dan Kesusilaan dalam Novel Saman Karya Ayu Utami

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud nilai moral dalam perilaku tokoh , menganalisis representasi nilai kesusilaan melalui konflik sosial dan hubungan antarkelas , serta mengungkap nilai agama dan kemanusiaan dalam novel Saman karya Ayu Utami. Novel ini dipilih karena keberaniannya mengangkat isu-isu sosial, politik, dan seksualitas pasca-Orde Baru yang memicu ketegangan nilai di masyarakat. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode analisis isi (content analysis) melalui kacamata moral-filosofis dan sosiologi sastra. Landasan berpikir filsafat ilmu (ontologi, epistemologi, aksiologi) dan psikologi sastra digunakan untuk membedah dimensi batin serta tekstual karya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai moral diwujudkan lewat keteguhan prinsip batin para tokoh dalam menghadapi represi lingkungan. Nilai kesusilaan direpresentasikan sebagai bentuk gugatan atas batas kepantasan dan dominasi patriarki. Sementara itu, nilai agama tidak tampil secara dogmatis, melainkan bermanifestasi menjadi praksis kemanusiaan universal yang membela kaum tertindas dan melawan ketidakadilan. Kesimpulannya, novel Saman berfungsi sebagai media refleksi kritis sekaligus transformatif dalam merekonstruksi pemahaman moral kontemporer.

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This study aims to describe the manifestation of moral values in characters' behavior, analyze the representation of decency values through social conflicts and inter-class relations, and uncover religious and humanitarian values in Ayu Utami's novel Saman. This novel was selected due to its audacity in addressing post-New Order social, political, and sexuality issues, which triggered tensions regarding societal values. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing content analysis methods through a moral-philosophical and sociology of literature framework. The foundational concepts of the philosophy of science (ontology, epistemology, and axiology) alongside the psychology of literature were applied to dissect both the internal psychological dimensions of the characters and the textual elements of the work. The results indicate that moral values are manifested through the inner principles maintained by characters when facing environmental repression. Decency values are represented as a critique against conventional boundaries of propriety and patriarchal dominance. Meanwhile, religious values do not appear dogmatically but manifest as universal humanitarian praxis that defends the oppressed and opposes injustice. In conclusion, Saman serves as a medium for critical and transformative reflection in reconstructing contemporary moral understanding.