Analisis Tindak Tutur Tokoh dalam Cerpen Karya Siswa Kelas IX SMP Muhammadiyah 15 Surabaya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan bentuk dan makna lokusi, fungsi tindakan ilokusi, serta efek perlokusi dari tokoh-tokoh dalam cerpen karya siswa kelas IX SMP Muhammadiyah 15 Surabaya. Penelitian pragmatik ini dilakukan untuk mengisi celah kajian yang selama ini lebih banyak berfokus pada interaksi lisan di kelas atau nilai karakter dalam buku teks. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek lokusi, bentuk deklaratif menjadi yang paling dominan digunakan tokoh, diikuti oleh interogatif dan imperatif. Pada aspek ilokusi, fungsi direktif (seperti meminta izin, memerintah, menegur, dan melarang) mendominasi tuturan tokoh, disusul oleh tindak ekspresif, asertif, dan komisif. Sementara itu, efek perlokusi yang ditimbulkan paling sering memicu kepatuhan tindakan fisik secara mutlak, respons verbal defensif, katarsis emosional, serta eskalasi konflik interpersonal antartokoh. Kesimpulannya, analisis tindak tutur ini mencerminkan karakteristik psikologis, pola relasi sosial, serta tingkat kematangan pragmatik remaja usia SMP yang dituangkan secara ekspresif melalui karya sastra tulis berupa cerpen.

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This study aims to analyze and describe the form and meaning of locution, the function of illocutionary acts, and the perlocutionary effects of characters in short stories written by ninth-grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 15 Surabaya. This pragmatic research was conducted to fill the gap in studies that have previously focused more on oral interactions in the classroom or character values in textbooks. The method used is qualitative descriptive-analytical with a content analysis approach. The results of the study indicate that in the locutionary aspect, the declarative form is the most dominant form used by characters, followed by interrogative and imperative. In the illocutionary aspect, directive functions (such as asking for permission, ordering, reprimanding, and prohibiting) dominate the characters' speech, followed by expressive, assertive, and commissive acts. Meanwhile, the perlocutionary effects that arise most often trigger absolute physical action compliance, defensive verbal responses, emotional catharsis, and escalation of interpersonal conflict between characters. In conclusion, this speech act analysis reflects the psychological characteristics, social relation patterns, and level of pragmatic maturity of junior high school-aged adolescents, which are expressed expressively through written literary works in the form of short stories. Keywords: Speech Acts, Locutionary Acts, Illocutionary Acts, Perlocutionary Acts, Student Short Stories.