Representasi Kekerasan dalam Novel Namaku Alam Karya Leila S. Chudori: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Johan Galtung

Karya sastra tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai ekspresi estetis, tetapi juga merepresentasikan realitas sosial, sejarah, dan pengalaman kemanusiaan. Novel Namaku Alam karya Leila S. Chudori menggambarkan dampak pergolakan politik pasca-1965, khususnya stigma dan beban sejarah yang diwariskan kepada generasi penerus eks-tahanan politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis representasi kekerasan dalam novel tersebut berdasarkan teori Segitiga Kekerasan Johan Galtung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis) dan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Sumber data penelitian adalah novel Namaku Alam karya Leila S. Chudori (2023). Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik baca-catat dan dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña yang meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga bentuk kekerasan yang saling berkaitan. Pertama, kekerasan langsung direpresentasikan melalui pembunuhan, penangkapan, penyiksaan, intimidasi, kekerasan verbal, dan kekerasan seksual. Kedua, kekerasan struktural tampak dalam diskriminasi institusional, pembatasan hak politik, pencabutan paspor eksil, serta kebijakan yang menstigmatisasi keluarga eks-tapol. Ketiga, kekerasan kultural diwujudkan melalui pelabelan negatif, prasangka sosial, perundungan, dan normalisasi pengucilan. Ketiga bentuk kekerasan tersebut membentuk hubungan yang saling menguatkan, di mana kekerasan kultural melegitimasi kekerasan struktural yang kemudian memunculkan kekerasan langsung dalam kehidupan tokoh-tokohnya.
Kata Kunci: Sosiologi Sastra, Johan Galtung, Segitiga Kekerasan, Namaku Alam, Leila S. Chudori.

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Literary works serve not only as aesthetic expressions but also represent social reality, history, and human experience. Leila S. Chudori’s novel Namaku Alam depicts the impact of the post-1965 political upheaval, particularly the stigma and historical burden passed down to the descendants of former political prisoners. This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of violence in the novel based on Johan Galtung’s Triangle of Violence theory. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method using content analysis and a sociological approach to literature. The data source for this study was the Namaku Alam novel by Leila S. Chudori (2023). Data were collected through the read-and-note technique and analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and the drawing and verification of conclusions. The results of the study revealed three interrelated forms of violence. First, direct violence is represented through murder, arrest, torture, intimidation, verbal abuse, and sexual violence. Second, structural violence is evident in institutional discrimination, restrictions on political rights, the revocation of exiles’ passports, and policies that stigmatize the families of former political prisoners. Third, cultural violence manifests through negative labelling, social prejudice, bullying, and the normalization of exclusion. These three forms of violence form a mutually reinforcing relationship, in which cultural violence legitimizes structural violence, which in turn gives rise to direct violence in the lives of the characters.
Keywords: Sociology of Literature, Johan Galtung, Triangle of Violence, Namaku Alam, Leila S. Chudori